MathVC: An LLM-Simulated Multi-Character Virtual Classroom for Mathematics Education

George Mason University and College of William & Mary
MathVC, or Mathematical Virtual Classroom, is a platform including multiple Large Language Model (LLM)-simulated student characters, with whom human students can practice collaborative mathematical problem-solving. The goal of MathVC is to leverage the power of Generative AI technologies to enhance Mathematics Education, particularly the Mathematical Modeling competencies of middle-school students.

Mathematical modeling involves the cognitively demanding process of translating real-life situations into mathematical notations and is a fundamental skill for students pursuing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Cultivating mathematical modeling through collaborative learning can be particularly effective, but orchestrating such collaborative learning tasks requires significant efforts from teachers to oversee group discussions. In addition, students may not receive effective training from the group discussions, due to reasons such as mental barriers (e.g., anxiety) in peer interactions.

Through MathVC, the project aims to increase the opportunities for students to receive effective mathematics education. The project will also use the MathVC platform as a lens to understand the opportunities and risks of Generative AI techniques and provide insights for future researchers and educators.

An example is shown below.
MathVC Overview

Updates

Publications

(^ denotes equal contributions)

  • Murong Yue^, Wenhan Lyu^, Wijdane Mifdal, Jennifer Suh, Yixuan Zhang, and Ziyu Yao. "MathVC: An llm-simulated multi-character virtual classroom for mathematics education." AAAI Workshop on AI4Edu, 2025. [Paper][Website]
  • 
    @article{yue2024mathvc,
        title={Mathvc: An llm-simulated multi-character virtual classroom for mathematics education},
        author={Yue, Murong and Lyu, Wenhan and Mifdal, Wijdane and Suh, Jennifer and Zhang, Yixuan and Yao, Ziyu},
        journal={AAAI Workshop on AI4Edu},
        year={2025}
    }
                            
  • Sai Adith Senthil Kumar^, Hao Yan^, Saipavan Perepa, Murong Yue, and Ziyu Yao. "Can LLMs Simulate Personas with Reversed Performance? A Systematic Investigation for Counterfactual Instruction Following in Math Reasoning Context." Social Simulation with LLMs workshop at COLM 2025. [Paper]
  • 
    @article{kumar2025can,
        title={Can LLMs Simulate Personas with Reversed Performance? A Systematic Investigation for Counterfactual Instruction Following in Math Reasoning Context},
        author={Kumar, Sai Adith Senthil and Yan, Hao and Perepa, Saipavan and Yue, Murong and Yao, Ziyu},
        journal=Social Simulation with LLMs workshop at COLM},
        year={2025}
        }
                            
  • Yue, Murong, and Ziyu Yao. "Efficient but Vulnerable: Benchmarking and Defending LLM Batch Prompting Attack." ACL Findings, 2025. [Paper]
  • 
    @inproceedings{yue-yao-2025-efficient,
        title = "Efficient but Vulnerable: Benchmarking and Defending {LLM} Batch Prompting Attack",
        author = "Yue, Murong  and
          Yao, Ziyu",
        editor = "Che, Wanxiang  and
          Nabende, Joyce  and
          Shutova, Ekaterina  and
          Pilehvar, Mohammad Taher",
        booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025",
        month = jul,
        year = "2025",
        address = "Vienna, Austria",
        publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
        url = "https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-acl.245/",
        doi = "10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.245",
        pages = "4746--4761",
        ISBN = "979-8-89176-256-5"
    }
                            

    Presentations

  • Invited Talk at 2025 VASEM (Virginia Academy of Science, Engineering, and Medicine) Annual Summit. Presenter: Ziyu Yao. Sept 30, 2025.
  • Poster Presentation at 2025 VASEM (Virginia Academy of Science, Engineering, and Medicine) Annual Summit. Presenter: Murong Yue. Sept 30, 2025.
  • MathVC and Math EdVenture Camp were featured at George Mason University News! (Sept 23, 2025)
  • Math EdVenture Camp at George Mason University, July 7-11, 2025.
  • Poster Presentation at AAAI Workshop on AI4Edu. Presenter: Murong Yue. Feb 2025.
  • Invited Talk at the Panel of "AI for Education Use Cases: Bridging Research to Practice" by the AI and Data-Informed Education Policy Initiative (AIEP) at GMU. Presenter: Ziyu Yao and Jenn Suh. Oct 2024.
  • Invited Talk at Wolfram Research, the "LLM Agents for Modeling Group Dynamics" Online Colloquium. Presenter: Ziyu Yao. June 2024.
  • Team Members

    Faculty

    Ziyu Yao

    Dr. Ziyu Yao (Lead)

    George Mason University, Computer Science

    Jenn Suh

    Dr. Jennifer Suh

    George Mason University, Math Education

    Janice Zhang

    Dr. Yixuan ("Janice") Zhang

    William & Mary, Computer Science

    Advisory Board

    Mohit Bansal

    Dr. Mohit Bansal

    The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Computer Science

    Benjamin Galluzzo

    Dr. Benjamin Galluzzo

    Consortium for Mathematics and its Applications (COMAP), Executive Director

    Neil Heffernan

    Dr. Neil Heffernan

    Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Computer Science

    PhD Student Leads

    Murong Yue

    Murong Yue

    George Mason University, Computer Science

    Wenhan Lyu

    Wenhan Lyu

    William & Mary, Computer Science

    Desmond McGlone

    Desmond McGlone

    George Mason University, Math Education

    Other Student Researchers

    Wijdane Mifdal

    Wijdane Mifdal

    Undergraduate Student at GMU CS

    Sai

    Sai Adith Senthil Kumar

    Undergraduate Student at GMU CS

    Hao Yan

    Hao Yan

    PhD Student at GMU CS

    Acknowledgement

    We were grateful to receive support from the National Science Foundation (2418580, 2418582), Microsoft Accelerating Foundation Models Research program (https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/collaboration/accelerating-foundation-models-research/), Department of Computer Science at GMU, and William & Mary for conducting this research. We also appreciate computing resources from the Office of Research Computing (https://orc.gmu.edu) and the assistance from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at GMU and William & Mary. Undergraduate students in the team have also received sponsorship from the Office of Student Creative Activities and Research (OSCAR) at GMU.

    We thank Dr. Anthony Eamonn Kelly (GMU, Educational Psychology) and Dr. Melissa A. Gallagher (University of Houston, Department of Curriculum & Instruction) for early discussions about the idea, and students in the GMU NLP group (https://nlp.cs.gmu.edu/) for their thoughtful comments.